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The importance of evidence in environmental matters
The Argentine Chamber of Fireworks Companies (CAEFA), together with private traders, brought legal action against the Municipality of Paraná, challenging the constitutionality of Decree No. 1469/2017, which prohibited the sale of fireworks to the public. The plaintiffs argued that the regulation violated the right to free trade and infringed on federal powers. The Municipality, in its defence, raised objections of lack of jurisdiction and lack of standing, arguing that the decree fell within its police powers. The trial judge dismissed the lawsuit and upheld the validity of the decree, prompting the plaintiffs to appeal. The Second Chamber of Appeals in Civil and Commercial Matters - Courtroom III - reviewed the case, noting the lack of relevant evidence provided by the plaintiffs. Even so, it requested an expert opinion to determine the damage caused by fireworks to health and the environment. The judges emphasised that declaring a law unconstitutional should be a last resort and that the municipal authority to regulate the use of fireworks was supported by national and provincial legislation. They also stressed that the analysis should focus on environmental and health damage, especially to people with autism spectrum disorders, animals and the community in general. Finally, the Chamber decided to uphold the first instance ruling and dismiss the appeal, arguing that free trade arguments could not prevail over the protection of the environment and public health.
Copyright (c) 2022 Yanina Elisabeth Cerdeira, Mirna Lozano Bosch (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Environmental education for schoolchildren with intellectual disabilities in inclusive educational settings
Environmental education, a fundamental pillar for the formation of a global citizenry committed to sustainable development, is promoted in Cuba through the school curriculum. However, challenges remain in forming critical environmental awareness and adopting sustainable practices in the younger generations. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to propose a program of interest groups to strengthen environmental education among schoolchildren with intellectual disabilities in inclusive educational settings. To achieve this, scientific methods based on theoretical and empirical knowledge are used, as well as statistical and/or mathematical processing methods. Starting from a diagnosis that reveals limitations related to environmental education, the “Natural Explorers” interest circle program is designed, structured in modules and activities with a multisensory approach and individual adjustments that favor the acquisition of knowledge in an experiential way, the development of skills for action, and the education of responsible attitudes towards the environment, from an inclusive perspective. The assessment by specialists certifies the relevance and appropriateness of the interest circle program. Its partial application in practice demonstrates its positive impact in the educational context. The interest circle program is the scientific result of a thesis for the Master's Degree in Pedagogical Sciences at the Marta Abreu Central University of Las Villas and constitutes a modest contribution to the fulfillment of Sustainable Development Goal 4, “Quality Education,” of the 2030 Agenda.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elianne de la Caridad Carrazana Guerra, Mavel Moré Estupiñán (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
"Urban Mangroves" is a research article whose main objective was to identify key findings regarding the ecological, social, and environmental dynamics of urban mangroves in the context of global change. It explores the ecology, conservation challenges, and socioeconomic value of mangroves that persist in urban and coastal environments, particularly in Mexico. The study focuses on how these ecosystems, despite human pressure and climate change, continue to provide vital services such as coastal protection, water filtration, and biodiversity support. The research also addresses major threats such as habitat fragmentation and land-use conflicts, proposing restoration strategies and highlighting the potential of ecotourism and environmental education as conservation tools. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of public policy and community participation for the sustainable management of these valuable wetlands.
Copyright (c) 2025 Francisco Flores Cárdenas, Víctor Manuel Martínez García, Yennifer Diaz Romero, Paola Marisela Rios Miranda (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Experiential environmental education program to strengthen environmental conservation attitudes among first-year students at a private university in the north, 2020
The present study was proposed in order to demonstrate that the application of the Experiential Environmental Education Program is a factor that contributes to the strengthening of environmental conservation attitudes in first-cycle students of the Universidad Privada del Norte, 2020. Methodologically, the study has a quantitative approach, with an experimental design in which we worked with a population made up of two groups, one control group made up of 30 students and another experimental group made up of 30 students from the first cycle of the Universidad Privada del Norte, both groups were I apply a questionnaire as an instrument which went through processes of reliability and validity. The data collected and interpreted allowed us to affirm that the experiential environmental education program as a didactic strategy improves the development of environmental conservation attitudes in first-year students of the Universidad Privada del Norte, 2020 is significant, therefore the general hypothesis is accepted. of research, when observing that in the posttest ρ =0.000 is less than the value of theoretical significance α =0.05.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ítalo Andrés Díaz Horna, Elías Jesús Mejía Mejía (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Environmental education as a philosophy of life: from knowledge to action
Introduction: Over the last few decades, it has been recognized that environmental degradation is not only a concern for experts, but for society as a whole. Despite access to information and institutional efforts, a gap between environmental knowledge and everyday behavior persisted, highlighting an urgent need to strengthen environmental education as a tool for ethical and practical transformation. Development: Environmental education was approached as a continuous process that, by incorporating cognitive, affective, and conative dimensions, made it possible to change attitudes toward conservation. It was analyzed how consumption patterns and lifestyles could change if ethical principles were incorporated. Through various approaches, such as conservationist, naturalist, problem-solving, and sustainable, responsible actions such as recycling, reducing consumption, and respect for biodiversity were promoted. Research showed that educational programs, from basic to university levels, positively influenced the formation of conservationist attitudes, especially when experiential and reflective methodologies were applied. Thus, the importance of cross-cutting and transformative environmental education, beyond isolated content, was valued. Conclusion: It was concluded that environmental education should be a philosophy of life that promotes lasting individual and collective change. Transforming attitudes towards the environment required an ethical, practical, and emotional approach. Global change depended on personal change, and this could only be achieved through education committed to sustainability, capable of forming active, critical, and responsible citizens with regard to the environment and future generations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ítalo Andrés Díaz Horna, Ítalo Andrés Díaz Horna (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Socioeconomic and environmental effects of the mining sector in Peru (2007-2022)
During the period 2007-2022, Peru's mining sector experienced significant growth driven by foreign investment. However, this growth was overshadowed by the proliferation of socio-environmental conflicts that severely affected the economy and social fabric of mining regions. These conflicts led to the paralysis of major investment projects worth more than $18 billion, representing around 10% of GDP. Economic simulations revealed that, between 2008 and 2014, the country lost more than $67 billion in economic and tax benefits due to the non-execution of projects. In addition, the trade war between China and the United States and the fall in commodity prices intensified the vulnerability of mining exports, which were already affected by social conflicts. At the social level, it was evident that areas with the highest mining activity maintained high levels of poverty and exclusion, reflecting an unequal distribution of benefits. Regional studies confirmed that indigenous and peasant communities were the most affected, facing environmental pollution, loss of biodiversity and violations of their territorial rights. The results confirmed that socio-environmental conflicts had a negative impact on exports and investment in the mining sector, revealing the urgent need for fairer and more sustainable governance of natural resources.
Copyright (c) 2024 Stefany Mariella Acero Flores , Kenny Mishel Hidalgo Lazo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Environmental impact of waste management in car repair shops in 2023
The objective of this research was to determine the environmental impact generated by waste management in mechanical workshops in the district of Comas during 2023. A qualitative approach with an action research design was used, applying semi-structured interviews to citizens living near these workshops. The study revealed poor management of hazardous waste such as used oil, batteries and automotive fluids, which caused significant damage to natural elements such as soil, air and possibly water. Most mechanical workshops did not properly classify or isolate waste, which contributed to environmental degradation and posed a threat to human health. Although some citizens expressed an intention to act sustainably, they felt limited by the lack of government support and their lack of knowledge of environmental laws. The interviews revealed a negative perception of waste management and a collective concern about the long-term effects. It was concluded that there is an urgent need to implement action plans in conjunction with the local government, as well as to raise awareness among both operators and the community about the effects of poor management. It was also suggested that innovation should be encouraged through the use of eco-friendly materials and methods such as the 5S technique to improve order and cleanliness in workshops. Finally, greater municipal oversight and environmental education from an early age were recommended.
Copyright (c) 2023 Santos Alberto Ato Justiniano, Jose Edwin Touzett Arones, Gustavo Ernesto Zarate Ruiz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Environmental Education and Social Sciences, the only effective tool to preserve the planet
Introduction: Environmental education is the programmatic training of individuals who are aware of and responsible for their ecological environment, equipped with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to understand and resolve the environmental problems of their community. Objective: To explain the importance of providing adequate environmental education that contributes to raising the population's awareness in this regard. Methodology: A bibliographic review was conducted between April and May 2023. To conduct this work, articles published in journals, books, and websites were consulted, with a total of 19 bibliographies. Development: Environmental education is based on the idea of ​​incorporating content relevant to environmental preservation and responsible consumption into programs within these curricular frameworks and according to the profiles of the professional model. Conclusions: Environmental education and social sciences are the only truly effective tool for preserving the planet from the consequences of human activity. No other measure will be as fundamental as training future generations in these types of values ​​and responsibilities.
Copyright (c) 2022 Gisela Martínez Azcuy, Alfredo Otero Martínez, Pablo Marín Alvarez, Yania Basanta Amador (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The environment and the health-disease process in vulnerable communities in Pinar del Río, 2020-2022
The vertiginous process of globalization and the promotion of individualism offered by postmodernism; They have forced the world health authorities to reassess the relationship between health and the environment. Therefore, the conception of the environment as a determinant of health has gained special relevance; since currently, it is necessary to respond to the challenges required by the relationship between the care of natural resources and the improvement of human health. This article deals with unavoidable aspects about the environment as a determinant of health, first, the concept of environment is exposed, according to the different idiosyncrasies and their implications on health, later, scientific evidence is presented of some examples that support the relationship with the health-disease process and, lastly, challenges that public health professionals have to address.
Copyright (c) 2022 Gisela Martínez-Azcuy, Lázaro Pablo Linares-Cánovas, Alfredo Otero Martínez, Pablo Marín Álvarez, Lorenzo Morejón Carmona (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of socio-environmental conflicts on mining exports in Peru during the period 2007-2022
The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of socio-environmental conflicts on mining exports in Peru during the period 2007-2022. To achieve this objective, the multiple linear regression method was used, employing the statistical programme SPSS. The results of the analysis showed that, although the model as a whole is significant (calculated p = 0.011 < tabulated p = 0.05), the coefficient for Socio-Environmental Conflicts did not reach statistical significance (calculated p = 0.627 > tabulated p = 0.05). This suggests that the significance of the overall model appears to be due to the intervention of our control variable, regional GDP. This finding highlights the need for more in-depth and detailed research on the relationship between socio-environmental conflicts and mining exports in Peru, considering possible additional factors or alternative methodological approaches to better understand this complex dynamic.
Environmental waste management in mechanical workshops: towards a culture of urban sustainability
The study examined the environmental impact generated by auto repair shops, focusing its analysis on the inadequate management of hazardous waste such as lubricating oils, batteries, and polluting filters. National and international background information was reviewed, which showed poor performance by auto repair shops in terms of waste management, in many cases without complying with current environmental regulations. Various studies concluded that waste was disposed of in the environment without prior treatment, seriously affecting water, air and soil. Structural causes were also identified, such as lack of information, limited budgets, absence of municipal permits and poor enforcement by the competent authorities. Alternative solutions were explored, such as the application of bioremediation techniques using microorganisms and the use of activated biochar, which proved effective in restoring contaminated soils. The theoretical framework included the Battelle-Columbus theory and fundamental concepts of ecology and environmental psychology, providing an understanding of how human perceptions and behaviours influence sustainability. The regulatory analysis demonstrated the existence of environmental laws but highlighted their limited application in practice. It was concluded that the environmental management of these establishments required not only sanctions and control but also a cultural and educational transformation that would promote collective sustainable behaviour.
Copyright (c) 2024 Santos Alberto Ato Justiniano, Jose Edwin Touzett Arones, Gustavo Ernesto Zarate Ruiz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Phytosanitary barriers and Peruvian agricultural exports, 2012-2019
The study analyzes how phytosanitary barriers influence Peruvian agricultural exports from 2012 to 2019, focusing on grapes, asparagus and avocados. Its main objective is to identify these relationships in order to understand the impact of such regulations on exports. Methodologically, it is a basic, quantitative and explanatory study, with longitudinal design and hypothetico-deductive method, using secondary data from official sources such as SUNAT and the Central Reserve Bank. The results reveal that phytosanitary barriers explain 93.6% of the variability in overall agricultural exports, highlighting their positive impact by improving product quality and facilitating access to international markets. However, their influence varies according to the product: in grapes, they have a minimal incidence (1.6% in FOB value), while in asparagus and avocados they have a moderate impact on the volume exported (55.4% and 90%, respectively). These findings underscore the importance of regulations to guarantee safety and quality, although other factors such as international demand and trade agreements are also determining factors. In conclusion, phytosanitary barriers, although they represent challenges, act as catalysts to strengthen the competitiveness of the Peruvian agricultural sector by encouraging compliance with international standards and promoting innovation in production processes. This positions Peru as a reliable exporter in the global market and highlights the need to diversify markets and strengthen the sector's capabilities.
Copyright (c) 2024 Gianella Ivonne Herrera-Santos, Dyana Abigail Pineda-Alegria (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Plastic wood as an element for environmental sustainability
This study examines plastic wood as a crucial element for environmental sustainability, highlighting its role in plastic waste reduction and the promotion of the circular economy. By transforming plastic waste into a useful construction material, plastic wood not only decreases plastic pollution but also provides a sustainable alternative to traditional building materials. The research reveals how plastic wood production significantly contributes to the conservation of natural resources by minimizing the need for extracting new raw materials, thus reducing the carbon footprint and energy consumption associated with the manufacturing of conventional construction materials. Additionally, the analysis of the social and economic impact of plastic wood adoption indicates that its implementation fosters job creation, drives innovation in green technologies, and promotes local economic development. These benefits underline the importance of plastic wood not only from an environmental perspective but also as a driver for sustainable development and social inclusion.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ginna Tovar Cardozo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Green innovation analysis for cocoa farmers in the municipality of Roberto Payán
The municipality of Roberto Payán has a promising agricultural sector for cocoa cultivation, supported by favourable natural conditions and a great potential for the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. Through the application of green innovations, such as agroforestry, the use of organic fertilisers and the integration of clean technologies, it is possible to ensure not only higher productivity, but also environmental protection and the creation of a more resilient and competitive agricultural system. The project focuses on green innovation applied to cocoa harvesters in the municipality of Roberto Payán, with the aim of improving both productivity and environmental sustainability in the region. This municipality has vast hectares of land suitable for large-scale cocoa production, which offers a unique opportunity to transform the agricultural sector. The research seeks to identify the problems and opportunities related to cocoa cultivation, proposing alternative solutions that reduce the environmental impact and increase the quality of the product. The paradigm is positivist by other authors called quantitative and uses data collection and analysis to answer research questions and test previously established hypotheses and relies on numerical measurement, counting and often on the use of statistics to accurately establish, measure and evaluate the quality of the product. use of statistics to accurately establish patterns of behaviour in a population. Approach: The research approach is quantitative because surveys will be conducted in order to collect and analyse numerical data. The research on cocoa farmers has an empirical analytical method because the causes and effects of the problem will be studied and alternative solutions will be given. The current research is descriptive in that it will provide information on the characteristics of the population under study during the year 2024. 30 cocoa producers will be randomly selected, including both family members and some from the village of Loma Linda, as the only data to which we have access for the study. 30 cocoa producers will be selected, including both family members and some from the Loma Linda village. Data collection techniques: Primary sources: A survey will be applied to cocoa farmers in the Loma Linda village (Roberto Payán). Books and degree works of the universities of the city of Pasto will be consulted. Tertiary sources: Web pages, blogs, digital books and digital articles will be consulted. The work shows that the municipality of Roberto Payán has a great potential to develop large-scale cocoa cultivation, taking advantage of the favourable geographical and climatic conditions of the region. The implementation of sustainable agricultural practices, such as agroforestry, the use of organic fertilisers and crop diversification, will not only improve cocoa productivity and quality, but will also contribute to environmental preservation and long-term sustainability
Copyright (c) 2024 Sergio Oleider Angulo Rincón, Claudia Magali Solarte Solarte (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Entomotourism and environmental conservation
Introduction: Entomotourism is emerging as an innovative strategy that links tourism based on the observation and study of insects with environmental conservation. This practice promotes the appreciation of entomological biodiversity, fosters environmental education, and promotes the sustainable development of local communities. Methods: Using an argumentative approach, it examines successful cases where tourism has promoted the preservation of species and the restoration of degraded environments. Results: This article analyzes the correlation between entomotourism and ecosystem conservation, highlighting its potential to raise ecological awareness and contribute to the protection of fragile habitats. It also discusses the challenges facing this modality, such as the need for adequate regulations and the mitigation of anthropogenic impacts. Conclusion: The study concludes that entomotourism, under a responsible management framework, can become a key tool for balancing economic exploitation and environmental sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lucas Menéndez Álvarez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Environmental externalities, from an economic perspective
Introduction: Environmental externalities represent a profoundly relevant economic phenomenon in the interaction between human activities and natural systems. Methodology: Through an argumentative approach, it argues that the internalization of these environmental costs is essential for achieving sustainable development, and proposes economic instruments and public policies to correct these distortions. Results: This article analyzes these externalities from an economic perspective, highlighting their impact on environmental degradation and their influence on the inefficient allocation of resources. It also examines the market mechanisms that generate these externalities, as well as the institutional failures that perpetuate their undervaluation. Conclusion: The correlation between the economy and the environment is addressed comprehensively, emphasizing the need for a robust regulatory framework that balances economic growth and ecological preservation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elvia María Jiménez Zapata (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Improvements and issues in sustainable tourism to make Colombia a greener economy
This article analyzes the evolution of sustainable tourism in Colombia, a crucial area for the prosperity and advancement of the nation. Despite its considerable potential, the tourism boom has triggered significant ecological and social difficulties. The initiatives presented aim to reduce the adverse impacts of tourism, such as greenhouse gas emissions and environmental damage, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals proposed by the UN. Government and private sector efforts are highlighted to promote sustainable practices, although obstacles such as high resource consumption, waste generation and lack of adequate infrastructure persist, also highlighting the importance of environmental education and access to financing for small businesses. and medium-sized tourism companies. Colombia, with its abundant and varied biodiversity in flora and fauna, has the potential to become a fundamental pillar when it comes to the tourism sector. However, it is essential to harmonize economic growth with environmental conservation and the preservation of cultural heritage to ensure a positive legacy for future generations. Policies should focus on improving the management and promotion of cooperation between industries to ensure successful growth of sustainable tourism.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ana Isabel Tamayo, Juan Sebastián Ortiz Ibáñez, Rafael Eduardo Hernández Yáñez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Maritime pollution mitigation strategy for the sustainability of international trade
The objective of this research article is to seek strategies that can reduce environmental pollution that affects the climate factor, being oil tankers the ones that emit the most carbon dioxide emissions globally, that is why proposals were established by entities such as the (UNFCCC) and the (IMO) that seek the reduction of GHG emissions by establishing efficient projects that seek to reduce CO2 emissions by 2050, applying the current ISO 50.001 regulations that seek energy efficiency and favorable for the climate factor. That is why it is sought through renewable sources, as opposed to traditional fossil fuels. The main objective of green fuels is to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate the environmental impacts associated with their use, such as greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Green fuels seek to promote the transition to a more sustainable, low-carbon economy, a clear example being the strategies developed by the fuzzy ahp application that applies a hybrid vikor methodology to investigate the strategy to reduce air pollution from diesel-powered ships globally.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nathalie Raynaud Prado, Marlyn T, Pradilla Vera, German D, Torres Vargas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Green innovation as a sustainable alternative to strengthen cocoa cultivation
Introduction: The purpose of the research was to identify viable alternatives to strengthen cocoa production and marketing in the municipality of Roberto Payán, department of Nariño. It was proposed as a solution to the devaluation of the crop and the high presence of illicit crops, phenomena that have limited agricultural development in the region. The study focused on the implementation of green innovation as a strategy to promote sustainability, productivity and competitiveness of cocoa in the area. Development: During the study, the national and international context of cocoa production was analyzed, as well as successful experiences of cooperatives that applied organizational and environmental innovation practices. It was observed that in Peru, for example, community organization significantly boosted the export of organic cocoa. In Colombia, the need to improve processing processes, train farmers and protect the characteristics of fine aroma cocoa was discussed. In the case of Roberto Payán, obstacles such as the presence of armed groups, state neglect, and the lack of adequate technology and infrastructure were identified. Conclusions: It was concluded that cocoa represents an opportunity for economic, social and environmental development for Roberto Payán, provided that the production chain is strengthened with green innovation, institutional support and community empowerment. The progressive replacement of illicit crops with cocoa is feasible if sustained investment and technical training are guaranteed, which would allow the municipality to become a regional reference in cocoa production.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sergio Oleider Angulo Rincón , Claudia Magali Solarte Solarte (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Introduction: Ecotourism has positioned itself as a sustainable alternative to conventional tourism, promoting ecosystem conservation and the development of local communities. Its implementation is not without environmental impacts, which must be critically analyzed to ensure that its benefits outweigh any potential harm. Methodology: A qualitative approach was used. That allowed the experience´s analysis and to compare documental and empirical evidence. Results: This article examines the effects of ecotourism on the environment, highlighting its positive contributions, the preservation of natural areas, and environmental education, as well as its risks, including habitat degradation and biodiversity disruption. Conclusion: It argues that the balance between tourism and conservation depends on rigorous management, based on scientific studies and effective regulatory frameworks. It reflects on the need to adopt responsible practices that minimize negative impacts and strengthen the symbiotic relationship between ecotourism and the environment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Carlos Alberto Gómez Cano, Naun Oseas Onofre Mendoza (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Environmental Impacts of Hydroelectric Power Plants: A Bibliometric Analysis from the Perspective of Sustainability
Hydropower, as a renewable source, presents a complex balance between energy benefits and environmental impacts. This study examines recent scientific production on the environmental effects of hydroelectric power plants through a bibliometric analysis of articles indexed in Scopus (2020-2024), using VOSviewer. Network analysis tools were employed to explore patterns of scientific productivity, thematic trends, and conceptual relationships. The analysis identified three predominant thematic axes: alteration of aquatic ecosystems, greenhouse gas emissions, and socio-environmental conflicts. The results underscore the need for multidisciplinary approaches that integrate environmental, social, and political dimensions in the planning of hydropower projects. There is a particular urgency in developing frameworks that balance energy demands with ecosystem conservation and the rights of affected communities. The study suggests strengthening applied research that links scientific evidence with governance mechanisms and public policies in the energy sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juan Manuel Andrade Navia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nature-Based Solutions for Climate Adaptation: A Documentary Review of Progress and Challenges
Nature-Based Solutions have positioned themselves as fundamental approaches to address contemporary climate challenges, by articulating ecological processes with land management. This documentary review examines the progress and limitations in the application of these solutions for climate adaptation, analyzing scientific literature in Spanish and English indexed in Scopus during the period 2020-2025. Through a qualitative methodology, four central thematic axes were identified: the capacity of natural systems for water and thermal regulation, institutional and regulatory frameworks for their implementation, processes of social participation and environmental equity, and challenges for their expansion and financial sustainability. The results reveal that initiatives such as wetland restoration, urban ecological corridors, and vegetative coverings show significant potential for mitigating climate risks, although they face obstacles such as lack of coordination among stakeholders and limited integration into public policies. International experiences demonstrate that the success of these solutions depends on their adaptation to local contexts and on the articulation between scientific knowledge and community wisdom. The study concludes that Nature-Based Solutions require holistic approaches that surpass fragmented views, by integrating ecological, social, and political dimensions to achieve effective transformations in the face of climate change.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gelber Rosas Patiño, Verenice Sánchez Castillo, Tulio Andrés Clavijo Gallego (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of green innovation for cocoa growers in the municipality of Roberto Payán
Introduction: This project focused on the application of green innovation to cocoa cultivation in the municipality of Roberto Payán, Nariño, with the purpose of improving agricultural productivity and promoting environmental sustainability in the region. Roberto Payán has large tracts of land suitable for large-scale cocoa production, which represents a key opportunity to transform its rural economy. The study focused on identifying the problems and opportunities associated with the crop, such as lack of technical support, inadequate land use and competition with illicit crops. It also proposed solutions focused on reducing environmental impact, improving product quality and increasing the income of small producers through sustainable and innovative practices. Methods: The research adopted a positivist paradigm, also known as quantitative, which relied on the collection and analysis of numerical data to test hypotheses and answer research questions. An empirical-analytical approach was used to study causes and effects of low cocoa yields and propose alternative solutions. The study was descriptive, aimed at characterizing the current conditions and practices of growers during the year 2024. The population consisted of 30 cocoa producers, randomly selected, including relatives of the researcher and inhabitants of the Loma Linda village. Results: The data obtained showed that Roberto Payán has a high potential to develop a competitive cocoa industry, thanks to its geographical and climatic conditions. However, producers face barriers such as lack of technification, training and access to markets. Surveys revealed a low use of sustainable practices and a high dependence on traditional methods, which limits product quality and profitability. However, farmers expressed interest in adopting technological improvements if provided with the necessary means and accompaniment. Conclusions: The research led to the conclusion that Roberto Payán has the necessary conditions to position itself as a sustainable and high quality cocoa producing area. The implementation of sustainable agricultural practices such as agroforestry, the use of organic fertilizers and crop diversification can increase productivity, protect the environment and ensure long-term sustainability. It is recommended to strengthen innovation in cocoa production and processing, take advantage of fair trade certifications and orient producers towards value-added markets. This will improve income, competitiveness and the quality of life of rural communities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sergio Oleider Angulo Rincón, Claudia Magali Solarte Solarte (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Environmental Education as a Strategy for Ecosystem Conservation: A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Trends
Environmental education has emerged as a fundamental tool to promote ecosystem conservation in the face of crises such as climate change and biodiversity loss. This study analyzes recent scientific production on environmental education as a conservation strategy through a bibliometric analysis of articles in Spanish and English in Scopus (2020-2024). VOSviewer was used to examine annual productivity, thematic networks, and keyword co-occurrence. Three dominant thematic axes were identified: pedagogical approaches, community participation, and emerging technologies. It is concluded that environmental education has evolved towards more inclusive and technologically supported models, although challenges persist in scaling up and evaluating long-term impact. This analysis provides a roadmap for future research and policies that link education, technology, and collective action in ecosystem protection.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mayra Alejandra Gaviria (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Climate change in scientific literature: a bibliometric analysis of the last decade focusing on environmental crisis, mitigation policies, adaptation, and social vulnerability
Introduction: Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges of our time. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis to examine research trends in this crucial field. Methods: Data from relevant scientific publications were collected using indexed academic databases in Scopus. Bibliometric techniques were applied to analyze publication frequency by year, keywords, and main themes addressed in the literature. Data were processed using Bibliometrix. Results: The results show increasing attention to aspects such as emission mitigation, climate change adaptation, environmental sustainability, among others. Emerging research areas were identified, and collaboration networks among researchers were examined. This information is complemented by four main thematic axes: Environmental Impacts, Mitigation, Adaptation, and Socioeconomic Studies. Conclusions: This study provides an overview of the evolution of climate change research, highlighting the need for interdisciplinary and collaborative approaches to address this global challenge.
Copyright (c) 2025 Verenice Sánchez Castillo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Application of IoT and Sensor Technologies in Environmental Monitoring
The increasing environmental challenges, such as pollution, climate change, and resource depletion, highlighted the need for efficient and real-time monitoring solutions. Traditional methods often lack accuracy, scalability, and automation. The advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) and sensor technologies has showed innovative approaches for tracking environmental parameters like air quality, water pollution, and temperature variations. These smart systems authorize continuous data collection, real-time analysis, and automated responses to environmental risks. This study explores the role of IoT in environmental monitoring, discussing its benefits, challenges, and future potential.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gurbanova Lala, Abdullayev Vugar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Mercury Poisoning in Rivers: A Bibliometric Review of Human Health Effects
Mercury poisoning in rivers poses a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health, particularly for communities reliant on these resources. This article presents a bibliometric review of scientific literature (2015–2025) to analyze the impact of mercury in rivers and its health effects, identifying research trends and gaps. The methodology involved a Scopus search using key terms such as "mercury poisoning," "rivers," and "human health," selecting 1,194 articles analyzed through bibliometric indicators and content analysis with Bibliometrix. Results revealed a progressive increase in publications, peaking in 2023–2024, reflecting growing global concern. Four main thematic areas were identified: (1) toxicity mechanisms and bioaccumulation of methylmercury, (2) health effects, particularly in vulnerable groups, (3) risk assessment and monitoring methodologies, and (4) mitigation and remediation strategies. Key findings highlighted disparities in artisanal mining regions, advances in detection technologies, and challenges in implementing policies like the Minamata Convention. The study concludes that while robust evidence exists on mercury risks, gaps persist in harmonizing methods and applying sustainable solutions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ana María Chaves Cano (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integral optimization of the Quebrada La Honda water supply system: social and financial impacts in Villavicencio, Meta
Context: Access to drinking water is essential for human development and is considered a universal right. In Colombia, regulations establish the characteristics and standards to ensure its quality as a domiciliary public service, including physicochemical properties of water and design criteria for hydraulic infrastructures. Objective: to evaluate the aqueduct system in the Quebrada La Honda sector in Villavicencio, Meta, to propose solutions to improve its infrastructure. Methodology: an exhaustive review of technical documents, previous studies and regulations, as well as surveys and interviews with the local community were carried out to evaluate the social impact of the collapse of the aqueduct system. Development: The study identified significant problems in the adduction system from Quebrada La Honda to the La Esmeralda Drinking Water Treatment Plant, including the undersizing of the intake and the vulnerability of the infrastructure to natural phenomena. Service interruptions negatively affect the local quality of life. Conclusion: It is proposed to redesign the intake and use ductile steel pipes to improve the durability and efficiency of the system, also recommending the implementation of a continuous surveillance and monitoring system to ensure long-term sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2022 Giselle F. Andrade Rondón , Jaime A. Ortiz Vega , Andrea del P. Murcia Londoño , Jaime H. Ospina Rocha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Productive organization in MAPU de Chiclayo: A proposal for its socioeconomic development
This research focuses on the Urban Pre-Hispanic Archaeological Monuments (MAPUs) in the district of Chiclayo, Peru, which face problems of degradation and loss of their social, cultural and economic function due to the expansion and saturation of urban occupation. Inspired by the Inca road Qapaq Ñam, hodology is used as an approach to study the MAPUs and their influence on human behavior. Through the use of fractal geometrization and triangulations, traditional spaces are connected with current opportunities for socioeconomic, cultural and ecological development. The project strategy aims to transform inactive MAPUs into active hodological spaces. To achieve this, it is proposed to enhance current uses, creating mixed-use and specific-use corridors that promote continuity and diversity in the use of the streets, taking advantage of existing infrastructure and productive resources. A pilot project is being implemented in the César Vallejo MAPU, reinventing itself as a strategic point of transformation for the city through its temporary collective use, allowing the management of locally rooted projects with a global vision. Chiclayo requires open strategies instead of massive urban projects, promoting a productive landscape, in uninhabited territories, capable of generating energy, food, goods and knowledge on multiple scales. The MAPUs thus become active public spaces that improve social relations and merge agriculture, architecture and infrastructure, with community participation and programmatic mutations. This redefinition seeks to establish a productive identity in natural-artificial groupings and to adopt urban-rural approaches for sustainable and equitable development in the region.
Pre-Hispanic archaeological monuments (MAPs)
Copyright (c) 2022 Jorge Carlos Carrasco Aparicio , Manuel Agustín Gamarra Sampén , Oscar Víctor Martín Vargas Chozo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Limitations that livestock producers face during the transition from a conventional livestock model to a sustainable livestock approach
Conventional livestock farming in Caquetá has generated a considerable environmental impact, evidenced in deforestation, loss of biodiversity and soil degradation. In response to this problem, silvopastoral systems are presented as a sustainable alternative. However, its adoption by producers has been slow and complex. An investigation carried out in the region revealed that producers face multiple obstacles to implementing these practices. Among the main challenges are the lack of technical knowledge about the establishment and management of silvopastoral systems, the high cost of implementation, the scarcity of economic incentives and resistance to change. Furthermore, the lack of technical support and the limited availability of inputs make the transition to more sustainable production models even more difficult. It is essential to strengthen the capacities of producers through training and technical assistance programs, as well as to design public policies that encourage the adoption of sustainable practices and facilitate access to financing. Likewise, it is crucial to involve local communities in decision-making and in building solutions adapted to their needs and realities. Only through a combination of efforts will it be possible to promote the transition towards sustainable livestock farming in Caquetá and contribute to the conservation of natural resources.
Copyright (c) 2022 Diego A. Tejada Gimenez, Oscar D. Cifuentes Ortiz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0